Thursday, August 27, 2020

Egyptian Math Essay -- History Mathematics Research Papers

Egyptian Math      The utilization of sorted out science in Egypt has been gone back to the third thousand years BC. Egyptian science was ruled by number-crunching, with an accentuation on estimation and figuring in geometry. With their tremendous information on geometry, they had the option to effectively ascertain the zones of triangles, square shapes, and trapezoids and the volumes of figures, for example, blocks, chambers, and pyramids. They were likewise ready to fabricate the Great Pyramid with extraordinary precision.      Early assessors found that the greatest mistake in fixing the length of the sides was just 0.63 of an inch, or under 1/14000 of the absolute length. They additionally found that the blunder of the points at the corners to be just 12, or around 1/27000 of a correct edge (Smith 43).      Three speculations from science were found to have been utilized in building the Great Pyramid. The main hypothesis expresses that four symmetrical triangles were put together to construct the pyramidal surface. The subsequent hypothesis expresses that the proportion of one of the sides to half of the tallness is the inexact estimation of P, or that the proportion of the border to the stature is 2P. It has been found that early pyramid manufacturers may have considered that P rose to about 3.14. The third hypothesis expresses that the edge of height of the entry prompting the chief chamber decides the scope of the pyramid, about 30o N, or that the section itself focuses whatever was then known as the post star (Smith 44). Antiquated Egyptian science depended on two exceptionally basic ideas. The principal idea was that the Egyptians had a careful information on the twice-times table. The subsequent idea was that they had the capacity to discover 66% of any number (Gillings 3). This number could be either fundamental or partial. The Egyptians utilized the division 2/3 utilized with wholes of unit portions (1/n) to communicate every single other part. Utilizing this framework, they had the option to tackle all issues of number-crunching that included portions, just as some rudimentary issues in polynomial math (Berggren).      The study of science was additionally best in class in Egypt in the fourth thousand years BC than it was anyplace else on the planet right now. The Egyptian schedule was presented around 4241 BC. Their year comprised of a year of 30 days each with 5 celebration days toward the year's end. These celebration days were committed t... ...alking about. In the event that they discovered some precise strategy on the most proficient method to accomplish something, they never inquired as to why it worked. They never tried to set up its generally accepted fact by a contention that would show unmistakably and consistently their points of view. Rather, what they did was clarify and characterize in an arranged succession the means important to do it once more, and at the decision they included a check or evidence that the means sketched out led to a right arrangement of the issue (Gillings 232-234). Perhaps this is the reason the Egyptians had the option to find such a large number of scientific recipes. They never contended why something worked, they just trusted it did. Works Cited: Berggren, J. Lennart. Science. Computer Software. Microsoft, Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996. Album ROM. Dauben, Joseph Warren and Berggren, J. Lennart. Variable based math. Computer Software. Microsoft, Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996. Album ROM. Gillings, Richard J. Science in the Time of the Pharaohs. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1972. Smith, D. E. History of Mathematics. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1951. Weigel Jr., James. Precipice Notes on Mythology. Lincoln, Nebraska: Cliffs Notes, Inc., 1991

Saturday, August 22, 2020

American Home Products Corporation Essay

1. What amount of business hazard does American Home Products face? What amount budgetary hazard would American Home Products face at every one of the proposed degrees of obligation appeared on the off chance that Exhibit 3? What amount of potential worth, if any would american be able to Home Products make for its investors at every one of the proposed degrees of obligation? A blend of business hazard and monetary hazard shows the danger of an organization’s future profit for value. Business chance is identified with make a firm’s activity with no obligation, while money related hazard requires that the firm’s normal investors settle on a choice to fund it with obligation. an) American Home Products has been working on four fundamental lines of business that are less vulnerability about item request; for instance, one of its business lines is food items on the grounds that at whatever point individuals purchase nourishments. It implies that AHP’s business chance is low. As referenced above, if a firm does its activity exercises routinely without influence, it implies that its business chance isn't critical high. Accordingly, proportion of money to add up to resources is determined by following: As indicated by Figure 1, AHP’s money was about 23% of all out resources, rose continually since 1978 to 1981, and arrived at 28.2% in 1981; in this manner, it has enough income to back its day by day operation. Also, return on resources can show that a firm’s capacity to take care of its working expense by producing salary. As indicated by the figuring beneath, American Home Products Corporation’s ROA was steady and around 19.2 % in 1981; thus, AHP earned adequate measure of pay to take care of its working expense. Figure 2 Return on Assets of Amercan Home Products Corporation, 1972-1981 ($ in millions) Add to these above clarifications, Exhibit 1 shows that AHP’s top yearly development in deals was 14.1% in 1978 and contrast with it, yearly development in deals diminished by 5.3% in 1981; thus, it became disservice to AHP in light of the fact that shoppers began to enthusiasm into competitors’ items. Hazard avoidance was the most central segment of AHP’s culture; subsequently, they like to procure or take permit of recently created merchandise or produce comparable items with its rivals as opposed to grow new-items. In spite of the fact that it appears to spare R&D costs, procurement cost or an expense of time reaction to take other’s development would be still showed up. In this way, AHP should attempt to improve its deals. b) Financial hazard is identified with business chance, so we estimated NOPAT, ROIC, ROE whose vulnerability future can decide a firm’s business chance in Figure 3. Figure 3 Pro Forma 1981 Results for Alternative Capital S tructures ($ in millions aside from proportions) Above ace forma represents that all out obligation and money related hazard have straight connection with one another and AHP’s complete obligation expanded, so its budgetary hazard would rise. At that point if American Home Products Corporation couldn't pay its advance and enthusiasm by plan, it would meet the money related hazard and the danger of insolvency. As indicated by Exhibit 4, AHP utilized overabundance money of 233 million dollars on every one of the proposed levels to repurchase stocks and remaining sums were financed by obligation; accordingly, its normal offers exceptional would diminished by 19.8 million offers on 30% dept proportion and 36.6 million offers on 70% obligation proportion. It implies that value will goes down, so its arrival on value will rise. AHP ought to consider about budgetary hazard to change the capital structure. American Home Products Corporation can spare expenses to pay by expanding obligation. Figure 4 delineates that its charges investment funds can be favorable position to AHP in the event that it utilizes heavier capital structure. Figure 4 Pro Forma 1981 Taxes Savings ($ in millions) As indicated by Figure 4, if the company’s capital structure is 70% obligation to add up to capital, contrasting with 30 % obligation to add up to capital structure, it can spare roughly 1.9 occasions more noteworthy cash; in this way, its investors would profit by it. 2. What capital structure would you suggest as fitting for AHP? What are the benefits of utilizing this organization? The detriments? How might utilizing up influence the company’s charges? How might the capital markets respond to a choice by the organization to build the utilization of obligation in its capital structure? Most fitting capital structure for American Home Products is 30% obligation to add up to capital. A few reasons will clarify the motivation behind why this structure offers preferred position to AHP. The first, as utilizing 30% obligation proportion, the organization would have the option to be recapitalized; henceforth, regular offers remarkable of 19.8 million can be repurchased. The second, as per Figure 4, AHP would have favorable position to spare charges of 37.8 million dollars and its investors advantage by getting more qualities. Display 2 shows that Warner Lambert company’s obligation proportion is around 32% and its bond rating is AAA or AA. It implies that if AHP utilizes 30% obligation and 70% value, its bond rating will be same as Warner Lambert; thus, bond enthusiasm to pay won't increment much because of bond rating. Expansion to these reasons, AHP would confront less hazard to look at heavier capital structures. At last, AHP’s yearly development in deals diminished in 1981 by 2.9% from earlier year, so getting obligation could be useful to deal with its activity viably and increment its business development. Other than above points of interest, utilizing 30% obligation and 70% value capital structure has impediments. Above all else, if a firm has an advance, it must be mindful to pay its rule and enthusiasm as a timetable; else, it would be motivation to liquidation; in this way, same principle deals with instance of AHP. Notwithstanding the danger of liquidation, if the company’s every day activity requires greater venture after recapitalization, getting new advance for it would be progressively troublesome. In definite, utilizing obligation can be motivation to expand its monetary hazard, so it must be progressively mindful so as to deal with its activity. As indicated by Figure 4, utilizing the organization by utilizing 30% obligation to capital structure would diminish its duties of 37.8 million dollars to pay. The capital market would respond decidedly to a choice by the organization to utilization of 30% obligation in its capital structure. The organization had practically no obligation and had overabundance of money or higher liquidity and Mr. Laborte who was CEO of the organization was close to give his position in view of retirement, so most examiners anticipated that the organization should change its moderate capital structure. Additionally, Figure 5 shows the market positive response on the stock cost. Figure 5 Stock Price of AHP ($ in millions aside from per share facts and proportions) As per Figure 5, AHP’s stock cost will increment to 31.5. So as to ascertain new stock value, we utilized normal value/income proportion of both American Home Products Corporation and Warner Lambert Company in Exhibit 2 since show 2 outlines that while P/E proportion of AHP is 10.6%, 8% for Warner Lambert and not at all like Warner Lambert, AHP has less budgetary hazard. All however AHP’s hazard will increment in the wake of getting influence and its P/E proportion will diminish, AHP would have preferable money related situation over Warner Lambert, so speculators would be intrigued to purchase AHP’s stock instead of supply of Warner Lambert. 3. In what manner may AHP execute an increasingly forceful capital structure approach? What are the elective strategies for utilizing up? AHP should utilize heavier capital structure which implies that expansion to utilize more obligation rather than moderate capital structure; subsequently, AHP’s capital structure may be progressively viable and forceful. The elective strategies for utilizing up are developing new items, utilizing better innovation, and rousing work. 4. Taking into account AHP’s one of a kind corporate culture, what contentions would you advance to convince Mr. Laporte or his replacement to receive your suggestion? As per Mr. Laporte, his organization works so as to expand investors riches, so as utilizing 30% obligation to capital would offer chance to spare 37.8 million dollars from charges; in this manner, its investors would profit getting higher profits per share. Despite the fact that in the wake of utilizing obligation, its cost/profit proportion may be diminished, its fascination of financial specialists will be still incredible due to stock cost increment. Likewise, if the organization utilizes more obligation to the activity, it will be conceivable to repurchase normal supplies of 19.8 a large number of offers from advertise.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Schools that have Early Decision 2 TKG

Schools that have Early Decision 2 Early Decision II is an application option offered only by some schools. It’s binding, so students must attend the school if granted application but most deadlines fall on or around January 1st (the same time as regular decision). ED II applicants usually receive a decision in mid-February.  National Universities: University of ChicagoVanderbiltWashington University in St. LouisEmoryTuftsWake ForestNYUBrandeisCollege of William and MaryBoston University Case Western ReserveNortheasternRensselaer Polytechnic LehighUniversity of Miami  Liberal Arts Colleges:Swarthmore CollegeWellesley CollegeBowdoin CollegeCarleton CollegeMiddlebury CollegePomona CollegeClaremont McKenna CollegeDavidson CollegeGrinnell CollegeHaverford CollegeSmith CollegeVassar CollegeWashington and Lee UniversityColgate UniversityHamilton CollegeColby CollegeHarvey Mudd CollegeWesleyan UniversityBates CollegeUniversity of RichmondBryn Mawr CollegeColorado CollegeMacalester CollegeKenyon CollegeMount Holyoke Colle geOberlin College of Arts and SciencesScripps CollegeBucknell UniversityLafayette CollegeOccidental CollegeUnion CollegePitzer CollegeSkidmore CollegeDenison UniversityWhitman CollegeConnecticut CollegeTrinity CollegeAs always, let us know if you need any help.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Discrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination - 1608 Words

Discrimination comes in all forms. There is age discrimination, employment or job discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination, and then there is also positive discrimination such as a guy letting an attractive woman out in traffic; he is then positively discriminating against her. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a member of that group. The purpose of my research is to talk about discrimination and prejudices and how they affect our day to day lives. In addition to defining prejudice and discrimination, I will look at their relationship to stereotyping and racism. Stereotyping often leads to prejudice and discrimination, its definition almost mirroring that of prejudice. Stereotypes or characterizations are generalizations or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group, based on an image, often wrong, about what peo ple in that group are like. It does not allow for individuals to be different, but names them all as one group (Burgess). Within this assignment I will be talking about the different types of discrimination and prejudice, from different perspectives, along with my personal thoughts on the subject. I will also be looking at ways by which to eradicate it from our daily lives as much as possible. I would also like to take a look at the civil and criminal justice system to see why the termShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination1638 Words   |  7 PagesDiscrimination comes in a number of forms. We have age discrimination, employment or job discrimination, racial discrimination, gender discrimination, reverse discrimination, sexual discrimination, and others. Prejudice is a negative attitude toward a socially defined group and toward any person perceived to be a member of that group (Burgess, 2003). The purpose of her research was to talk about discrimination and prejudices and the affect they have on our day to day lives. She also defines prejudiceRead MorePrejudice, Discrimination, And Discrimination1050 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Aversive Prejudice/Discrimination All types of prejudice vary in some ways , some people are very blunt and some people merely whisper under their breath or secretly avoid the people they dislike. This falls more in between those line with this being an example of averise racism specifically â€Å" Aversive racists, in contrast, sympathize with victims of past injustice,support principles of racial equality, and genuinely regard themselves as non-prejudiced, but at the same time possess conflictingRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice And Discrimination Essay1672 Words   |  7 PagesPeople can be can be prejudice or be discriminatory towards anyone for any reason. Prejudice and discrimination are two very different things, prejudice is the unfair feeling of dislike for a person or group because of their race, sex religion, etc. Discrimination is the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. It can occur anywhere, in the workplace , shops, restaurants, schools or just walking down the street. OneRead MoreDiscrimination : Prejudice And Discrimination Essay2081 Words   |  9 PagesRunning Head: PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 1 PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION 8 Prejudice and Discrimination: What?s the Difference? Emily B. Hutchins Salem College Prejudice and Discrimination: What?s the Difference? Prejudice and discrimination are two different actions with similar meanings. A person can have prejudice without acting in a discriminatory manner; however, if someone is discriminating against someone, they have prejudices. A prejudice can start from a stereotype andRead MoreDiscrimination And Prejudice : Discrimination1719 Words   |  7 PagesKendrah Lopez CS – 420 12 Sep. 2017 Discrimination and Prejudice Discrimination and Prejudice I chose discrimination and prejudice for my multicultural paper, because I feel that discrimination and prejudice is the main reason for all the hate in the world. People are discriminated against because of reasons such as race, ethnicity, religion, looks, sex, sexual orientation, class, and other ridiculous reasons. I feel that if discrimination could be eradicated, then this world would be a peacefulRead MorePrejudice And Discrimination : Prejudice Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesPrejudice and Discrimination Prejudice and discrimination can take several different forms. The first item I would like to delineate in this essay is the correlations between prejudice, racism, and discrimination. Prejudices quite often stem from ignorance or a lack of understanding. Essentially, prejudice strips away any individualism that belongs to a person and creates a negative opinion as soon as a connection is made to the group with which the person belongs. This happens because the prejudiceRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination1551 Words   |  7 PagesAnalytical Factsheet on Prejudice amp; Discrimination on Class Inequality Section 1: Executive Summary This essay is about prejudice and discrimination occurring in Singapore context to address Class discrimination. This essay will also show reasons to why prejudice and discrimination occurs and the effects of such inequity can cause to the society. In this case studies possible measures and solutions will be highlighted and suggested. Section 2: The issues and who are involved This essay willRead MorePrejudice, Discrimination, And Institutional Discrimination Essay1438 Words   |  6 Pagestoday’s society may believe that prejudice and discrimination mean the same thing and most people may not pay attention to the fact that there is a huge difference between the two terms. The main difference between these terms is, prejudice is a negative idea about a certain group of people or people of a particular race. The person usually doesn’t act on the idea, they mainly just keep it to themselves. Most would describe it as being a â€Å"pre-judgement†. Discrimination, on the other hand, is far muchRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesPrejudice and Discrimination Prejudice: 1) an opinion formed without careful thought.2) an unreasonable or unfair feeling (in favour of, or against something). Discrimination : 1) to be the difference between. 2) (with favour of, against ) to treat favourably or unfairly. These are the dictionaries definitions of what the two words mean, obviously very briefly. Different forms of prejudice and discrimination are the underlining of racism, sexism, ageism, nationalismRead MorePrejudice and Discrimination Essay1621 Words   |  7 PagesBethany Norris – Unit 1 – Prejudice and Discrimination Part One Prejudice: The dictionary defines prejudice as an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge. This means that a person may form an opinion on a person or a particular group of people without having any facts or knowledge about that person or group. Prejudice is normally perceived as being bad but there are some instances where prejudice is an aid to survival for example

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Essay about The Taming Of The Shrew An Analysis of Kate

In Shakespeares comedy, The Taming of the Shrew, Shakespeare has a woman as one of the storys main characters. Katherine Minola (Kate) is off the wall, and kinda crazy. Because of her actions, the â€Å"male centered world† around her doesnt know what to do with her. In the beginning, a lot of what we learn about Kate comes from what other people say about her. In Act I, she is only seen briefly and she speaks even less, but our picture of Kate is pretty clear. Shakespeare, sets up a teaching lesson, helping us to see the mistakes of our own judgment. When Baptista announces that Kate must marry before Bianca may take suitors, Gremio describes Kate by saying Shes too rough for me (1.1.55). Later in the scene, Gremio reiterates his†¦show more content†¦Kate is venting her anger that Bianca should be able to get suitors while she remains alone. Kate knows that she is a smart and fiery woman and wouldnt be satisfied with such wimpy men as Gremio and Hortensio. She need s a strong man to go with her own strong and powerful personality. When Baptista enters and comes to Biancas rescue, we find out what is really the cause of Kates behavior: Shes angry that Baptista likes her younger sister better than her. Kate tells her father, that Bianca is his treasure and must have a husband while she, embarrassed, dances barefoot on her wedding day and leads apes in hell (II.1, 31–36). As the play continues, we learn even more about Kate. For example, when Kate and Petruchio go back to Baptista’s, Kate begins to see how Petruchio operates. She learns that if she does what Petruchio says, even if she knows it is not true, she will get something she wants out of it, like going back to her father’s house. Petruchio test Kate when they meet the real Vincentio on the road and he asks Kate if she has ever seen a finer young women. Knowing what he is up to, Kate shows her amazing wit and decides to play his game. She has figured out that Pet ruchio has a method to his madness and if she plays her cards right, their relationship can be a partnership with a series of actions and rewards. The finalShow MoreRelatedTaming Of The Shrew And The Merchant Of Venice1612 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of woman in the society has always been really controversial, whether it was 400 years ago or now. Shakespeares two very famous comedy plays, The Taming of the Shrew and The Merchant of Venice challenge a very serious social issue, the role and importance of woman in society. We all know the stereotypical image of woman in the society but Shakespeare questions the society on these thoughts through his plays. While Shakespeare expresses his ideas in a very unique way in each of his playsRead MoreTaming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1671 Words   |  7 PagesKatherina from Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew displays the distinct characteristics which allow her to be placed among the sinners in the Inferno. Kate’s tra gic flaw of being the shrew in the play means she personifies anger. Her anger is clearly seen at the beginning of the play, but appears to lessen during the remaining acts. On the surface it can be easy to conclude that Kate is a shrew no more and her marriage has tamed her. Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew contains clues which can concludeRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew Analysis732 Words   |  3 PagesPerforming Marriage with a Difference: Wooing, Wedding, and Bedding in The Taming of the Shrew Amy L. Smith Even before the recent burgeoning of performance theory, The Taming of the Shrew was of great interest to critics interested in role playing , identity, and theatricality. And because Kates taming and her performative speech both take place in a play-within-a-play, Taming fostered a critical interest in the intersection between performance and gender long before the phrasegender troubleRead More Essay on Taming of the Shrew: Stand by Your Man1402 Words   |  6 Pag esThe Taming of the Shrew:   Stand by Your Man - The Psychotherapist Perspective  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The universal nature of the themes in The Taming of the Shrew,   beg analysis and social critique. This comedic farce, by William Shakespeare, creates an elegant depiction of a modern life and romantic love with all of its masks and pretensions. It is easy to assume the perspective of a psychotherapist while witnessing the drama of Katherine and Petruchio’s love affair unfolding. Concepts like â€Å"emotionalRead MoreGender Roles in the 16th Century1909 Words   |  5 Pagespredominantly appearing in The Taming of the Shrew. As quoted within texts and contexts of this play, the reader becomes aware that The Taming of the Shrew â€Å"participates in a tenacious popular tradition of depicting domestic violence as funny† (Dolan 244). In current times, the idea of domestic violence is contrary to what would be seen as humor, but in the 16th century people were accustomed to this as a value of their everyday life. Through the use of shrew-taming within the play, the audi ence seesRead MoreHow far do you agree with the opinion that courtship and marriage are undermined and ridiculed in ‚Äà ºThe Taming of the Shrew‚Äà ¹?1718 Words   |  7 Pagesundermined and ridiculed in â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew†? Shakespeare’s drama â€Å"The Taming of the Shrew† is set in the Elizabethan era, and marriage and courtship was very different than how it is in the present. Back then it was the parents who picked suitors for their daughters. This choice would be final for the daughters but often women rebelled against the decision as they wanted to choose their own suitors. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is an example of this. In our â€Å"Taming of the Shrew† this is no different asRead MoreThe Taming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare1382 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s ‘The Taming of the Shrew’, women are shown to be objectified and subservient to men, conforming to the accepted gender roles that are expected of them. Patriarchal views of femininity support the authority of men in society, as well as subjugation and subordination of women. As written of the representation of women in early literature, â€Å"the focus of interest is on the heroin e’s choice of marriage partner, which will decide her ultimate social position and †¦ determine her happinessRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew 849 Words   |  4 PagesHonors Ms. Howard 08.04 Writing about Relevance â€Å"When love speaks the voice of all the gods makes heaven drowsy with the harmony,† Taming of the Shrew, Act IV, scene II. Besides being a well written play, the comedic devices that each act holds is used to help develop the plot and the comedy effect of The Taming of the Shrew. The devices used has shown the audience how the shrew could be changed by receiving the same treatment it has been giving. Shakespeare used comedic devices to help keep the audienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Shakespeare s Taming Of The Shrew 1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe following paper is an analysis of Katherine and Bianca in Taming of the Shrew. The two sisters have different ideas about marriage and how women should act. Their roles within TS affect how a reader can perceive the book. Bianca is the obedient well-mannered sister, while Kate is the disobedient shrew. This is how the sisters are portrayed in the opening of the play, but in a turn of events their roles are reversed by the end. This analysis will show how each sister played their role,Read MoreTaming Of The Shrew And Richard IIi Essay1437 Words   |  6 Pagesparticularly in Taming of the Shrew and Richard III. In these plays, the art of dissembling plays a pivotal part in the characters of each play; albeit, their execution varies from each other. Foremost, in Taming of the Shrew, whilst most of the characters are arguably considered as dissemblers, the most prominent one is Petruccio. As a dissembler, Petruccio uses language as a means to conceal his purpose and achieve his means – marrying a rich woman (and in this case, Kate) and eventually ‘taming’ her. He

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Interviewing Is The American Common Man - 1020 Words

Interviewing is the method of qualitative research that normally comes first to people’s mind. It is much more than merely asking premeditated question after question. Interviewing is an art that requires the ability to quickly create a relationship between two people in order to gain knowledge. There are many techniques when it comes to conducting valuable interviews. Not every technique works for every interviewer and there is more than one right way to interview. For instance, while both Robert Lane, author of Political Ideology: Why the American Common Man Believes What He Does, and Judith Kestenberg author of Children During the Nazi Reign, used interviewing to gain knowledge for the writing of their books, these two authors prove†¦show more content†¦Kestenberg’s participants were offered nothing, but most described a feeling of emotional healing from letting their deeply hidden feelings and experiences out which is an unseen reward in of itself. Deciding a sample size is a vital aspect of researching. Lane gathered all of his information from only 15 people. This is a narrow sample in comparison to Kestenberg who along with her colleagues, collectively interviewed over people who had some relation with the Holocaust. While Lane’s interviews served as the main material for his book meaning he relied on information from only 15 people. He interpreted the responses from the interviews to find the roots of the political belief from his subjects. Kestenberg took her interviews and then analyzed them psychologically, and her broad sample gave her much more information to work with. Of the 15 people that Lane interviewed, all of them were white, male, and married fathers. Eleven out of the fifteen were Catholic and 11 were either Italian or Irish (Western Political Quarterly). This sample is obviously not very diverse in comparison to Kestenberg who interviewed people of both genders from over sixteen countries. Some of her participants were actual child survivors, others were children of child survivors and even more were former Nazi members during the Holocaust. This wide array of participants adds different perspectives to her research, while Lane’s

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

The Gradual Estrangement of the East and West free essay sample

Prior to the division of the empire, the special position of three bishops known as patriarchs within the church organization was recognized: the Bishop of Rome, the Bishop of Alexandria, and the Bishop of Antioch. At the Council of Chalcedon in 451, two additional patriarchates were recognized: the Bishop of Constantinople and the Bishop of Jerusalem. These patriarchs held authority and Jurisdiction over their tellow bishops in the Church. However, by virtue of his position as the successor of Saint Peter, the Bishop of Rome was held in a higher status and his see was of distinct importance since Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire. While regarded as first among equals in the hierarchy, the Bishop of Rome (the Pope) was not afforded any additional authority or powers. But the authority of the Roman Empire in the West collapsed in the fifth century when the last Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was definitively deposed by invading barbarians. We will write a custom essay sample on The Gradual Estrangement of the East and West or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The crumbling of the Roman Empire had given way toa mixture of regional governments and barbarian kingships, none of whom had Romes ability to cohesively construct the infrastructure of modern society. In this void, the Pope in Rome assumed a role in governing not only his ecclesiastical subordinates but to secular rulers as well. It was the Papacy that acted as a monarch set up over the church and serviced in ways to provide unity, continuity and stability in the spiritual and political life of Western Europe and centralize the organization and activities of the church in the West. The Greek Patriarchs of the East were not involved in secular politics and governance as the Emperor remained ensconced in the East to maintain order and enforce the law. 4) In the West, the Pope became the absolute authority over all of the Western church, while in the East there remained a sense of a college approach holding to the doctrine that no single person had the ability to make changes in doctrine: that absolute authority rested with the Ecumenical council Just as it had from the times of the Apostles. (5) As long as the Pope did not interfere in the East, the Greek Patriarchs did not object. But conflict ensued when ambition the Pope tried to enforce his claim of supremacy and infallibility upon the East. A second significant political cause of the gradual estrangement of the churches in the east and in the West was the rise of Islam in the seventh century. The Mediterranean had long been the established connection between the East and the West for both cultural and economic prosperity. With the invasion of Islam from Arabia, the Mediterranean passed in to Arab control and effectively cut off this vital connection along with the consequent commerce and free exchange. At the ermination of the Islamic advance, the patriarchates in Jerusalem, Antioch and Alexandria were forfeited and innumerable Christians were living in the east under Islamic control (6) Isolated from each other the Western church proceeded to establish a Roman Empire of its own while the Eastern church consolidated itself and regrouped in order to once again establish their authority over the remnants of Christendom spared by the Muslim conquest. The largest single cultural issue to impact the estrangement of the Roman Catholic and the Greek Orthodox churches may have been language. At its core, language is an instrument of communication. Additionally, language shapes ideas and contributes to the formation and expression of thoughts. Deeper still, language is a symbol of culture and played a large role in the esteem held for each other by the Latin and the Greek Church. Dating back to Apostolic time the Roman Empire itself united the church and culture linguistically. Latin and Greek were understood throughout the Empire with Greek being the predominant language of business and commerce and Latin reserved for administrative and Judicial purposes. However, by the year 450, educated men were o longer bilingual and few in the West could read Greek. After 600, few in the East could or would speak Latin even though they considered themselves to be a part ot the Roman Empire. (7) In the end, the West was completely Latinized while Greek became the prevailing language in the East. Christendom was split in two corresponding to linguistic boundaries. Language is a symbol of culture and shapes ideas. The difficulties of language can be subtle and intricate.

Saturday, April 11, 2020

Admiration of Anne Bradstreets Essay free essay sample

Admiration of Anne Broadsheets Essay Admiration of Anne Broadsheets values as compared to those of Ben Franklin and Jonathan Edwards The relationships that people have with others has a severe Impact on that persons life, albeit many are good, some, though, are bad. How we choose to form, maintain and use these relationships is up to us, Just as what they mean is up touts too. I will show the relationships of some writers and how they treat others, as an important value to me. Three writers of our era, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Broadsheet are most notable with their relationships with people.My thoughts on Benjamin Franklins work were unfortunately on the negative side. To sum his writings up, they were long, boring and not concise. His writing varied heavily. He was known for writing on one topic and then changing to another then skipping to yet another. We will write a custom essay sample on Admiration of Anne Bradstreets Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The following paragraph is an excerpt of his writings to show the long, varied writings that changed from subject to subject: l have been the more particular in this Description of my Journey, and shall be so of my first Entry into that City, that you may in your mind compare such an unlikely Beginning with the Figure I have since made there. s In my working Dress, my best Clothes being to come round by sea. I was dirty from my Journey; my pockets were stuffs out with shirts and stockings; I knew no Soul, nor where to look for lodging. I was fatiguing Traveling, Rowing and Want of Rest. I was very hungry, and my whole stock of consolidated of a Dutch Dollar and and about a Shilling in Copper.The latter I gave the People of the Boat for my Passage, who at first refused it on Account of my Rowing; but I Insisted on their taking it, a Man being sometimes more generous when he has but a little Money than when he has plenty, perhaps hero the Fear of Being thought to have but a little. Then I walked up the Street gazing about, till near the Market House I met a boy with bread] (p. 241) Because of the skipping around, to often unrelated topics, it is very difficult to pay attention, read and keep straight as to what is Franklins point.One could almost call the style of writing a form of rambling. From Franklins work one is able to deduce that he is a good man with good Intention and is a upbeat and optimistic person but he doesnt really care for people and treats them Like object and tools. He basically uses people to get ahead and uses people for favors. For example he loves his brother, supposedly, but he used his brother to pay for his boarding so he could be out of the way and not cause problems for all the other is nth household. He does does have his faults with people, and that is he trusts people too much.He has too much faith in people and whether that is because of his deist ways, and how he looks at things in the world,and through reason. His trust In people and things often leads him Into small troubles. His drunken friend Collins borrowed much money from Franklin promising to pay it back. Of course, it was never paid back. If one recalls how Franklin got to America it was because of using the abilities and powers of see of his friends. Another point of the real problems that Franklin had with people and relationships is the entire relationship that he had with Miss Read.The only thing that he wanted from the marriage was some money from the parents. Franklin was give it to him he first suggested to mortgage the house, and when he knew that that wouldnt be done he basically left them and Miss Read. Jonathan Edwards looks on life as a chance to serve God. He serves God by working hard and not doing things that would be considered bad by a Puritan (IEEE. UN, drinking, dancing, and parties. ) He believes Just like other Puritans that life should be dedicated strictly to God.The main idea to understand from Puritans is that when they believe that they are beginning to understand the Bible, they are beginning to understand the Word of God. Understanding the word of God means to Puritans that God is dwelling within them, which then, in turn, means that they are one of the chosen few who are saved. In order to ensure that he is one of the few to be saved Edwards must demean others so that they get the idea that they arent saved and only Edwards is saved. The only thing that Edwards values early in his life is salvation. He must have salvation. He believes he has been saved too and he goes on to point this out: From the about that time I began to have a new kind of apprehensions and Ideas of Christ, and the works of redemption, and the glorious way of salvation Him. I had an inward, sweet sense of these things, that at timescale into my heart; and my souls led away in pleasant views and contemplations of them. And my mind was greatly engages to spend my time in reading and meditating in Christ, and the beauty and Excellency of his peers, and the lovely way of salvation, by free grace in Him. (p. 78) The writings in the bible he can now understand. The way he looks at nature and how his whole way of thinking has been changed proves in his mind and would in any other Puritans mind that the Lord is with him. When a Puritan sees that any of these things have happened he may begin to believe that he is saved. When Edwards looked around after knowing about his salvation all he he was able to see Edwards midlife was a transitional period. There in the was a corrupt sinners. Transitional period he learned about life and the dwelling of God in nature, in all things.He took notice to nature which eventually led, though prayer and meditation, to the newer Edwards who attempted to help people. His attitude toward them still remained basically the same but as one of the chosen he tried to save more people and to spread the word of God. The attempts to save people are most notably seen through the sermons that he gives, his most famous being the one entitled Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Edwards later in his life changed a bit and he thought that he understood God and his will.What really changed is that he seemed to care, maybe even if it was Just a little, about his fellow man. Although he still went out and preached to people, gave his sermons and basically told people that they were worth very little and didnt really care about them, he was out there in the public trying to save them and to tell them that even though God can and should let us burn in hell he doesnt let us all go to hell, he does pick out a few who have been exceptionally well. Those few whom He has chosen are saved.The Edwards whole point in the sermons is to scare other people people and get them to mend their ways in some possible feeble attempt to achieve salvation. Anne Broadsheet while to perfect in her own right is the probably the most alike me. She values most the relationships in her life, but she has trouble with her relationships because of the writes: Thou speakeasys fair, but hats me sore, Thy flattering shows Ill trust MO more, How oft thy slave, hast thou me made, When I believed what thou hast said, And never had more cause of woe, Than when I did what thou bats do,(p. 28 ) It refers to the difficulties between the flesh and the spirit of her body. It said that the flesh had spoken highly of the spirit but her actions spoke much louder, and it was quite the opposite. Broadsheet values her relationships more but is confused because of her devotion to God. Her God who had given her everything can at any time take it away, and Broadsheet realizes this but cant help but be saddened. She looses a house and she can handle it because as she so eloquently put it Yet by His gift is made thin own; Theres wealth enough I need no more, Farewell, my pelf, farewell my store. (p. 33) She knows that all the things that she really needs are in heaven and that cant be taken away from her. The world no longer let me love, My hope and treasure lies above. (p. 134) Somewhat of a problem with Broadsheet is ere attachment with some of her acquaintances. She is really attached to her granddaughter for example. Breadbaskets relationships mean very much to her, and in the poem about the death of her granddaughter, Broadsheet shows her weakness with people and relationships Blest babe, why should I once bewail thy fate, or sigh thy days so soon were terminate, Sits thou art settled in an everlasting state. (p. 132). Yet regardless of what society thinks of Broadsheet or the relationships she still cherishes them with all her heart. I feel that Anne Broadsheet is most like me because I am all for the relationships in life. The relationships that I make and have are what make me. I dont treat people like objects and use them to get ahead in life. Nor do I Just hate people and think that everyone else is a corrupt individual out to make themselves look good in from of God.I am confused with my spiritual self Just like she is. And Just like broadsheet with the loss of her grandchild she was terribly sad, so am I with the move to college and my slowing communication with my old best group of friends. The relationships that people have with others has a severe impact on that persons life, albeit many are good, some, though, are bad. How we choose to form, maintain and use these relationships is up to us, Just as what they mean is up to us too. I will show the relationships of some writers and how they treat others, as an important value to me. Three writers of our era, Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and Anne Broadsheet are most notable with their relationships with people. My thoughts on Benjamin Franklins work were unfortunately Beginning with the Figure I have since made there. I was in my working Dress, my it on Account of my Rowing; but I insisted on their taking it, a Man being sometimes gazing about, till near the Market House I met a boy with bread (p. 41) Because of good man with good intention and is a upbeat and optimistic person but he doesnt really care for people and treats them like object and tools. He basically uses people in the world,and through reason. His trust in people and things often leads him into willing to use Miss read for getting money from her parents. When they refuse to social pressure. For example in hint of difficulties in relationships can be seen as she time take it away, and Broadsheet realizes this but cant help but be saddened.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Legalization of Active Euthanasia essays

Legalization of Active Euthanasia essays The term Euthanasia has become well known throughout the United States. Euthanasia is derived from the Greek words eu and thantos, these words come together to form the phrase easy death. Today, euthanasia is referred to by many names such as mercy killing, and assisted suicide. There is much controversy over whether or not the practice is right. Euthanasia raises many religious, legal, medical and ethical issues. The question of euthanasia being right or wrong is one that most would prefer to leave alone. However the unique cases of euthanasia bring up the consideration of legalization. Those for euthanasia feel that government should consider legalizing active euthanasia because, suffering before death is unbearable not only for terminal patients but Euthanasia can be either passive or active. Active euthanasia is when a physician or other medical personnel hastens as suffering patients death. To carry out this process an overdose of drugs is introduced to the patients system as a form of insulin, barbiturates, or morphine. Passive euthanasia allows the patient to die due to lack of treatment. This includes stopping the food supply and taking the patient off life support systems. This is also known as pulling the plug (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia). All cultures have strong prohibitions against killing. However cultures and religions approve of killing in time of war or in defense against a life-threatening attack. There are sixty-two verses in the Bible calling for killing as punishment for approximately thirty various forms of disobeying the commandments (Neils, Section 1-Chapter 7). The Fifth Commandment states simply Thou shalt not kill. Aid-in-dying is not killing. Killing is doing something to someone against their will to end their living. Physician aid-in-...

Saturday, February 22, 2020

Public-key cryptography and information security Essay

Public-key cryptography and information security - Essay Example Public Key Cryptography (PKC) uses a key with two elements, a "public key" and a "private key", for the implementation of an encryption algorithm that doesn't require two parties (sender and receiver) to first exchange a secret key in an attempt to carry out the process of communication. In this scenario, the public key part is used for encryption entirely at the receiver side, whose private key part is applied for decryption. However, in order to make this communication safe it is necessary to make sure that only the intended receiver is able to access the private part of the key. Moreover, this concept is also used in elegant implementation of digital signatures (Tschabitscher, 2011) and (Adleman, Rivest, Shamir, & Williamson, 2010). Public key cryptography is considered as extremely protected for the reason that it does not require a secret common key between the receiver and sender. However, other encryption methods and technologies that utilize a single common key to both decryp t and encrypt information depend mutually on both parties (sender and receiver) in order to make a decision about a key ahead of time exclusive of other parties finding what that key is (Kayne, 2011). The most important benefit of PKC is its excellent security and ease of use. In addition, PKC is very useful in implementing secure algorithms since there is need to have an identical key for both parties (sender and the receiver).

Thursday, February 6, 2020

Open topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Open topic - Essay Example Democracies can either be direct or representation. In direct democracy, the public is allowed to directly participate in their government. In representative democracies, citizens are always allowed to elect representatives who will represent them in the decision making processes. Despite being popular, democracy cannot be referred to as the best form of governance. This paper aims at proving that democracy has greatly failed as a form of governance. Democracy can be said to be faulty in the sense that it is a form of governance that it is always determined by what the majority wants and not what is good for the country. The question here is what will happen in a situation where the majority is wrong. This will mean that whatever will eventually take place will not be the best thing for the country at large. The majority can always be wrong as a result of misinformation or being fed with completely wrong information by influential figures for their own selfish gain. This will definit ely lead to a governance error that might haunt the country for decades affecting even generations that were not part of the faulty decision making (Diamond and Plattner 184). Democracy can also be said to be a highly expensive form of governance. There are a lot of resources that always go to literal waste during democratic processes. A country always spends a lot of money just trying to make sure that democratic elections are always free, fair, and accurate. Despite all these efforts, there are always complaints about elections not being free and fair. This would raise the question of whether democracy is really governance by the people as is commonly referred to. Other resources also go to waste in the form of resources used during election campaigns. These resources are usually used for the purpose of influencing the choices of the public during political elections. The resource used during the political campaign would rather be used for other activities that are much more profi table and productive. In comparison to a monarchy form of governance, democracy would be definitely unreasonable expensive. Democratic processes can also be said to be faulted by baseless preferences of leaders. Democratic elections involve a battle for supremacy of races, ethnic groups, religions and many other forms of grouping. People will always vote for certain candidates on the basis of their ethnicity, race, religion, and not their capability to be good leaders. This leads to situations where the ethnic, racial, or religious groups with the highest number of citizens always carry the day. The obvious result of such an election is a government that lacks diligence and expertise. As much as one group might pride of being successful during the elections, the consequences of having incompetent leaders will be faced by the whole country( Adler and Weismann 221). Democracy can lead to the imbalanced development in a country. Since the leaders are always elected by the majority, the y will always strive to those who voted for them at the expense of those who did not vote for them. For instance, if a leader was highly voted for in a certain region of the country and rejected in others, they will always tend to favor those who voted for them when it comes to developmental projects. This is mainly due to human nature, which makes it almost impossible for a person to respond to bad deeds with good ones. In the same manner, it will be

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Revolution(s) in Latin America from Bolivia to Chile Essay Example for Free

Revolution(s) in Latin America from Bolivia to Chile Essay This paper will deal briefly with the revolutionary movement in Latin America in the mid 20th Century. It will compare and contrast Bolivia, Cuba, Chile and Argentina and seek to draw lessons for today. Ultimately, Peron proved the most successful model of revolution, and this only because of his strong ability to mobilize disparate elements of the population often left out of more doctrinaire Marxist movements. I. This paper will briefly deal with four related but distinct elements: first, the revolution in Bolivia in 1952, the revolution in Cuba a short time later, and the failed revolution in Chile after the 1970 elections. After this, it will deal with the Peron regime in Argentina. Given all this, this paper will attempt to compare and contrast these movements, looking at US as well as Soviet policy relative to them, and see what modern policymakers can take from these immensely important events. The Bolivian revolution of 1952 was one of the first major earthshaking events in post World War II Latin America. Bolivia was an economic disaster since the war (and before) dependent largely on tin exports and a small amount of coffee for economic survival (Cockcroft, 1997). Like all three revolutions dealt within this section, the big issue was the ownership of land. In countries largely made up of peasants, this was the greatest issue. In all three of these states, the land was owned in large parcels, by a small oligarchy that had connections with the government. This was the key in all three revolutions (Kohl, 1978). One issue that sets Bolivia apart was the fact that the army was rather uninterested in pursuing a battle against the revolutionaries, who, unlike the Chilean case, were far from â€Å"Marxist† in ideological orientation (Kohl, 1978, 239). The revolutionary movement (MNR) was both nationalist and socialist in orientation, seeking an independent and prosperous Bolivia independent of both USSR and USA. The basic platform of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement was land reform first of all, the nationalization of the tin industry and free elections. The connection with the USA was seen by the MNR as a link between to so-called â€Å"tin barons† and the army through US aid. This was a similar view in Cuba. After a brief period of fighting, roughly the middle of April in 1952, the main urban centers fell to the revolutionary movement with the help of miners and other urban workers (the farmers took little part) who were armed by the MNR (Kohl, 1978). The army had no stomach for a fight, and put up token resistance. It was not long before the founder of the MNR, Victor Paz Estemssono, took power as president, and immediately purged the army and engaged in land reform. Universal suffrage was quickly instituted by the new government, and the tin mines were brought under state control. It is clear in hindsight that military personnel were involved in the initial uprising in early April in 1952, the army saw no threat in the nationalist movement and was loathe to fight it. This was to make the Bolivian revolution different from the revolutions in Cuba and Chile (cf. Gerassi, 1965, esp ch 16). In Cuba, 1953, the economic situation was the same for the peasants, but not for the economy as a whole. Unlike the depressed Bolivian situation, the Cuban economy was booming in 1953, except for the fact that the boom did not affect the middle and lower sectors of the peasantry. The economic boom was based on several things: the endless American demand for sugar, the investment of the Batista government in tourism and gambling (similar to Lebanon at the same time), and the presence of a substantial Jewish and Italian organized crime who ran drugs out of the island (Blasier, 1967). Nevertheless, the peasants were largely illiterate and suffering from hunger and disease, similar to that of Bolivia. Like all the revolutions dealt with here, land imbalance was the key. Here, the sugar plantations were in the hands of domestic and foreign oligarchs, Like Tin in Bolivia or Copper in Chile, in Cuba, the revolutionary movement, modeled after that of the MNR in Bolivia (that is, both nationalist and socialist), sought land reform and free elections. The Batista government had rigged elections for some time to make sure him and his military cronies were placed in power regularly (Cockcroft, 1997). Unlike the Bolivian case, the Cuban army was basically loyal to Batista and fought the revolutionaries for some time. The US government did place some pressure on the Cuban leader to hold free elections, which he largely refused to do, leading the CIA to offer some limited financial support to Castro early on (Blasier, 1967). Ultimately, the revolutionaries forced Batista to flee to the US, and the army took over more fully, leading to a protracted war. Hidden in the mountains and fields of southeastern Cuba, the revolutionaries defeated Batista’s small and poorly coordinated offensive. The US posture was uncertain until substantial aid developed from the USSR, and, after Castro’s victory, nationalization of sugar plantations and other assets deprived Cubans and Americans of their former fortunes (Marfelli, 1998). Unlike the Bolivian case, free elections were never held. Chile paints a similar picture. Like the other two states dealt with here, Chile was also a one resource exporter, in her case, copper. The revolution, which did not succeed, begins at the elections of 1970, where the semi-Marxist Salvador Allende received roughly 36% of the vote in a tightly contested three way race. Hardly a ringing endorsement, the KGB as well as the CIA back differing parties in this contest. Both intelligence agencies saw Chile and its copper as a major strategic asset, and both wanted to see Chile in their sphere of influence. The difference being that the CIA spent money to defeat Allende (in general), the Soviets spent money to elect Allende (specifically), even giving him a private salary while on the campaign trail. Allende will never get more than 40% of the vote, and hence, more radical measures were necessary (Leonov, 2005). Allende’s victory was a blow to US interests, and Richard Nixon set his face against the new government, who quickly permitted a substantial KGB presence in the country and allied himself with Castro. Even more, the Allende government nationalized the copper mines and engaged in some limited land reform, like all the above. Allende’s policies, however, created substantial economic downturns in Chile: while attempting to raise wages, he increased inflation. Price fixing brought shortages of necessary items to Santiago and other important urban areas. Unemployment went up, and copper exports fell. Soon, the army and many citizens were opposed to the government that was seen to be artificially propped up by Soviet subsidies. The fact that the opposition parties were contesting the election did not help matters, and in the two elections before Allende’s death, he received no more than 40% of the vote in tight races. The famous coup that brought General Pinochet to power was the result. (Leonov, 2005). These three revolutionary movements, briefly sketched above, contain many important similarities to one another. In all cases, the governments that preceded the revolutions were basically oligarchic: a small number of wealthy controlling a substantially disproportionate share of wealth. Each of these governments was largely militarized and the military was seen as basically supporting the state (with some hesitation in Bolivia). Each of the governments before the revolutionaries seem rather a-ideological, more or less existing to collect taxes and keep a certain group in power. In each case, the armies were basically autonomous forces, making decisions more or less apart from the states that allegedly controlled them. All three states were basically single-resource dependent which harms the sovereignty of the state. Decisions cannot be made autonomously when the entire state’s economy is based on copper markets (for example) that exist far outside the country. The revolutionary movements also have substantial similarities. Both were ideologically nationalist as well as socialist, both in the broad sense of the terms. They sought a redistribution of land and nationalization of the main source of national income: tin, sugar, copper. All of these movements sought violent measures to take power. Even the Allende government used his â€Å"red guards† to confiscate the goods of the people they considered â€Å"rich,† to harm the black market. But as the Leonov lectures prove, all of these movements, legitimate or not, were hijacked by KGB forces and used to increase Soviet power in the area. Hence, whatever sympathy the US may have had with these movements (such as it had to the early Castro) quickly evaporated once the KGB moved in, putting the US in a bad position, having to appear as the â€Å"defender of the oligarchy† against the â€Å"apostles of equality. † It seems that the Soviets forced the American hand in these matters. There are also several differences within these movements. The posture of the army was important: in Chile and Cuba, the army was loyal, in Bolivia, they seemed to have no stomach for a fight. In all cases, the army was relatively small and poorly equipped. A well financed revolutionary movement could easily be a march for these rather unprofessional military forces. The results of the revolution differed wildly. In Chile, the economy tanked. In Cuba, free elections were never held, and Castro held the country in an iron grip under Soviet subsidies. In Bolivia, the economy improved and land distribution was a fact. This is the greatest lesson of these movements: there is no guarantee of success. There is a guarantee that an old oligarchy is to replace a new one the unfortunate results of revolution. All the revolutionaries, with varying degrees of success, sought to improve the role of women in society and in the economy. To a large extent, the revolutionaries had a substantial share of women among their members. In Chile, the Allende government creates subsidy plans for free milk distribution to poor families, a policy difficult to argue with. However, when his price fixing scheme appeared early into his presidency, these milk distributions dried up, and families were forced to buy on the black market at inflated prices. Here, the female side fo the revolution was a complete failure, and mothers were worse off than before. It seems clear that the price fixing scheme was a failure and might well have been the main reason the revolution failed: shortages occurred and the black market sprang up. Allende’s violent methods of dealing with these alienated many people. It is hard to see any real alterative (in 1973) in Chile for women than to support the coup and the freeing of prices for milk and other necessaries. II. Juan Peron is one of the most celebrated Latin American personalities. He contained within himself the true ethical content of the Latin American revolutionaries without being a revolutionary. Nonviolent and patriotic, he offered Argentina everything it needed politically. The Perons were part of Argentinian politics through the World War II era, and Juan’s position in the military government (as vice president under General Eldomiro Farrell) permitted him a platform to argue in favor of unionization and nationalism, in speeches and policies that made him wildly popular. Combining nationalism, patriotism and socialism, this set of ingredients was all that was necessary to bring a coalition of left and right into being over questions of economic nationalism and equality. The fact that he married a woman of lowborn status, Eva, the real power behind Juan (Van Dine, 1998) who used her popularity to engage in serious welfare programs and mobilization of the â€Å"shirtless ones† to her and her husband’s side created a duo that has not been seen since. Peron was a man of his word. In his first term as president (until 1952) he engaged in a flurry of domestic policies that went beyond the socialist rhetoric of the revolutions described above. In the seminal work on Latin American revolutions by Gerassi (1965, esp. ch 3), he provides a provision list of the major areas of concern and policy for the Peron duo. Peron’s list of accomplishments is stunning: social security was made mandatory for each citizen. He was behind the creation of trade unions in every major Argentinian industry. He made certain that elections were free and that universal suffrage was the norm. Insofar as the treatment of women were concerned, he insisted on paid maternity leave, free medical care (especially prenatal care) and paid time off for all new mothers. He built recreation centers for all major industries, and made sure that paid vacations were the norm for all workers in Argentina. And this was only the beginning (cf. Gerassi for more details). Just as important, he sought the development of Argentina’s economic diversification. This is a substantial difference between Peron and the other movements dealt with above. The other movements did not have a substantial plan for diversification and were basically content to be one crop country. Argentina was not like this, there were too many resources to be mobilized, and such diversification became a major project of the Argentinian first couple in the 1950s. Peron was an amateur philosopher of sorts, and saw political ideology as more of a barrier than an impetus to economic performance and equality. His basic philosophical position was called Justicalisimo, or the â€Å"third way† between socialism and capitalism that attempted to combine the positive contributions of both. This approach will be imitated by Nasser in Egypt and the Bolivian MNR. But it is precisely this approach to political things that makes sense out of his popularity: there was no prepackaged ideology to oppose. His was a mixture of the best of the left with the best of capitalism. Both of these were blended with an appeal to nationalism, patriotism and Argentinian sovereignty that was immensely popular. He was able, through his own personality as well as that of his wife, to mobilize both left and right over questions of economic nationalism and equality. Most certainly, his policies were not typical for Latin America or anywhere else. There are few people who can claim his mantle. This paper mentioned Nasser of Egypt, and is likely the only one who can claim this. Peron did not seek a violent revolution. He sought a revolution based in patriotism and national consent, a nation rebuilt around the â€Å"first couple,† who were iconic in their times and ours. This is a rare chemistry that cannot be imitated by professional guerillas or politicians of the typical stripe. The fact that he put his promises immediately into action and fought the wealthy of society made him more and more popular, and this popularity, ths ability to mobilize the population, is what made the oligarchy fear him, yet there was little they could do. The Eva Peron Foundation, a huge semi-official charitable trust, built thousands of schools and hospitals around the country. The government of Argentina was truly a family affair, mirroring the actual Argentinian family itself, it was iconic almost literally, in that they were ruled not by a junta, or a general, or a rich man, but a family. In this writer’s opinion, Peron’s popularity was based on what he physically accomplished. But more than this, it was the mixture of patriotism and economic nationalism and equality. Since cliche Marxism is anti-patriotic and internationalist as well as anti-Christian, they naturally alienate many of these types of people. Peron did not do this, since he was nationalist and did not repress the church as did Castro. Hence, he was able to mobilize these people as well, adding to his popularity in a way that a Castro or Allende could not. There is so much material on this Argentinean leader that this brief description cannot do it justice. III. This paper has sought to deal with the question of Latin American Revolution in brief. It is clear by this time that this writer is partial to Peron, and sees his model as superior to the others dealt with above, and offers quite a bit of material for the future of Latin America. The revolutions of Cuba, Bolivia and Chile were, when all is said and done, failures. While correctly addressing many important issues, these revolutionaries simply became another oligarchy, or fell apart altogether (such as Allende). These states are still poor and underdeveloped, and only Chile has been able to control infant mortality with any success. The problems in all these countries were the same: one crop dependency, oligarchy, land hunger and poor infrastructure. Only Peron performed substantial moves to remedy this situation, but his later overthrow proved these abortive. Argentina was back where it had started. Cuba today is an economic disaster and a dictatorship, while Bolivia is no better off than in 1952. Nationalism, patriotism, autarky and economic equality are the wave of the future, while internationalist socialism(as well as border-less capitalism) is a relic of the past. Bibliography Kohl, James. (1978) â€Å"Peasant and Revolution in Bolivia, April 9, 1952-August 2, 1953. † The American Historical Review. 58: 238-259 Blasier, Cole (1967). â€Å"Studies of Social revolution: Origins in Mexico, Bolivia and Cuba. † Latin American Research Review. 2: 28-64 Perez, Marfelli. (1998) The Cuban Revolution. Oxford University Press. Leonov, Aledander (2005) â€Å"Soviet Intelligence in Latin America During the Cold War. † Lectures. The Center for Academic Publications. (http://www. cepchile. cl/dms/lang_2/doc_1140. html) Van Dine, Robert. (1998) â€Å"Evita Peron: Saint or Coutesan. † Vandine Publishing. (http://www. vandine. com/peron. htm; Van Dine is a career DC diplomat) Gerassi, John. (1965) The Great Fear in Latin America. Macmillan, 1965. (This work acted as background material for all the information above) Cockcroft, James D. (1997) Latin America: History, Politics, and U. S. Policy. Nelson Hall Publishers.

Monday, January 20, 2020

Watergate Chronology :: President Richard Nixon

January 20,1969 Richard M. Nixon elected the thirty-seventh president of the United States 1969 Ehrlichman suggests to Caulfield that he leave the White House and set up a private security business that would provide security to the 1972 Nixon campaign. This project, Sandwedge, would be similar to the Kennedy security firm, Intertel. June 5, 1970 With the goal of increasing cooperation between various intelligence agencies within the government, a meeting was called in the Oval Office. Those in Attendance: Richard Nixon, J. Edgar Hoover, Richard Helms, and chiefs of the NSA and the DIA. Nixon aide Tom Charles Huston was assigned to work with the heads of these agencies to facilitate increased cooperation. early July, 1970 The Huston Plan sent to the President. This plan was an addition made by Huston to a plan endorsed by Hoover and Helms (NSA and DIA as well?). Huston's addition called for electronic surveillance, monitoring activities, surreptitious entries, recruitment of more campus informants, et al. July 14, 1970 Nixon endorses the Huston Plan July 27, 1970 Hoover visits John Mitchell. Mitchell hears about the Huston plan for the first time. Mitchell later goes to Nixon and urges the President to Stop the plan. Nixon later cancelled the plan. September 17, 1970 Mitchell met with John Dean. Mitchell discussed the poor job that the FBI was doing in the area domestic intelligence. This followed a conversation between Mitchell, Helms and others from the CIA on a similar topic. September 18, 1970 John Dean sends a memo to John Mitchell in which he offers a plan for intelligence gathering. "The most appropriate procedure would be to decide on the type of intelligence we need, based on an assessment of the recommendations of this unit, and then to proceed to remove the restraints as neccessary to obtain such intelligence." May 3, 1971 Following Nixon's decision concerning Laos, Anti-Vietnam activists attempt to shutdown Washington by blocking roads with stalled cars, human blockades, garbage cans, and other materials. The protests result in over 12,000 arrests. John Dean headed up the White House intelligence gathering during this protest. June 13, 1971 The New York Times begins publication of excerpts from "The Pentagon Papers". The Pentagon Papers was a 7,000 page document that was first commissioned by Robert McNamara in June of 1967 for future scholars to use. The Papers were leaked to the Times by Daniel Ellsberg. Although there were many crucial documents that were not included, the Papers did include documents from the Defense Department, the State Department, the CIA, and the White House. June 14, 1971 John Mitchell sends a telegram to the New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger President and Publisher The New York Times

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Best Target Market at Behavioral Segmentation

Red Bull has identified the best target market for its product at behavioral segmentation. Red Bull was set up by Mr. Dietrich Mateschitz and Mr. Chalerm Yoovidhya in Austria since 1984. It took another three years to adapt the blue-collar drink to appeal to a completely different market – initially, skiers and mountain snowboarders. Red Bull is non-alcoholic energy drink which adding only carbon dioxide, while retaining the original Thai ingredients of B-vitamins, caffeine, sugar, and the amino acid taurine to let it more refreshing in the beginning. Mr. Mateschitz found that their customers also included all-night disco dancers, cosmopolitans college students cramming for exams, and energy-burning sports enthusiasts across Europe and North America who cult Red Bull as contain a promise of improved their performance especially during the times of increased stress or strain. Thus, Red Bull is not just an energy drink it is primarily a utility drink to be taken against mental or physical weariness or exhaustion. That means use Red Bull to help in increase endurance and heighten alertness as well as reactions and generally spoken the use of Red Bull helps to cope with the challenges of every day life, which includes sports, work and leisure. I agreed that Red Bull has identified the best target market for its product at behavioral segmentation, especially in workers, athletes and Clubber. 1/ Worker Red Bull was popular with Thai truck drivers, rice farmers and work hard such as a manager or street worker to keep them awake while working long hours. Red Bull is non-alcoholic energy drink which concocting a caffeine-rich energy drink for them to get pushed up and would rather than a coffee. 2/ Athletes Red Bull supports over 240 athletes worldwide mainly in a diverse range of extreme sports, including kite boarding, windsurfing, motocross, freeskiirig, triathlon, mountain biking, hand gliding, cliff diving, beach volleyball, inline skating and paragliding as part of its promotion efforts. The athletes would find that Red Bull is usually a person who takes his sport very serious, what means he wants to get the best out of his body. Therefore Red Bull is part of his diet and sport life for him; it is a very good and easy way to import his endurance or speed. 3/ Clubber The typical Red Bull drinker is dynamic and active; the gender does not play any role at all. But it is more likely that more younger who like to go out fall for Red Bull. Research (PHT, 11/97 Smith Kline Beecham Energy & Sports Drinks Report) has shown that 53% of the people who drink energy/ sports drinks are within the age between 14-34 years. Moreover they found out that the main reason for purchasing energy/sports drinks were to quench thirst (37%) and give boost. Red Bull might target the other market segments at Generation Y types and Clubber in China. In the recent years, people willing to have a new taste in the good energy drinks that the Red Bull might target the other market segments which Mateschitz also concedes that the first generation of drinkers he wooed is now aging and Red Bull need to get a new generation of 16-year-olds on board every year. In market segments, Red Bull might target at Generation Y types and younger to develop the wide market especially for younger people and in China market, especially in Clubber, for the group of people in different events or activities to get fresh and energy to present the good performance. 1/ Generation Y Types and younger In recent survey of British marketers which dubbed Red Bull’s effort as a â€Å"non-marketed brand† phenomenon during 1990s. Red Bull used â€Å"street teams† to spread the word to important, trend setting Generation Y types. It carefully won over these hips influential set off a grass roots marketing wave. It also deploys â€Å"mobile energy teams† to hand out free samples at places where people might need an energy boost such as in gyms, office buildings and construction sites. It would get a new generation of 16-year-olds on board continuous every year by TV commercials demonstrate Red Bull’s stimulating effect on body and mind in a spirited, fresh, ironic and witty way to win the image and brand name in the worldwide market. / Market in China, especially at Clubber Red Bull should have a good chance to get the market in China, especially promote Red Bull and develop its image in Clubber as Stealth marketing strategy to win the a large marketing share percentage in China and good and health image in the market; younger people, dancer, and workers and office manger would like to have this energy drinks. Who is Red Bull’s competitor? Red Bull is a non-alcoholic energy drink and there fore falls under the category of soft drinks. Thus, Coca-cola, Pepsi Cola and Anheuser Blusch were the competitors to Red Bull. These are big company and developed for several years of their soft drinks in different seasons or events.. Soft drinks can be divided into sub-segments and one of these segments is energy and sports drinks. These can be divided again into 3 different catagories; glucose energy drink; sport drinks and high energy stimulation drinks which also the direct competitors to Red Bull. Energy Drinks have become very famous in the last decade. During the last ten years, there were established hundreds of them around the world, such as Gatorade, PowerAde by Coca-Cola and All Sports by Pepsi Cola. All of them are marketed as energy spending and as very suitable mixer with alcohol. Although, the above are prepared to penetrate the market very soon, it is not easy to compare the image and brand name of Red Bull in the market, especially in Sport.

Saturday, January 4, 2020

Child Sexual Abuse and Child Pornography - 2003 Words

Child pornography is a broadly defined term mainly because there is no internationally agreed upon definition. There are also some conflicting laws between different countries that further complicate the issue of child pornography. It can become difficult to prosecute with the increased use of computers and anonymous online networks. Both the offenders and the victims can come from a wide range of social and cultural backgrounds. Child pornography includes pictures or videos that present children being sexually abused. Child sexual abuse is defined as â€Å"any act, by an adult, involving a child under the age of 15 years in sexual activity (Richards 2011, p. 1).† It tends to refer to a broad range of actions including touching, various types of penetration, and actions that do not involve touching such as exhibition and voyeurism (Richards 2011). Child pornography is defined as â€Å"any depiction of a child engaging in sexual acts† and a child is anyone under a given age, which can range from 16-18 years (Berlin Sawyer 2012). This is a more general definition, but the definition may be a little different depending on which country a person is in. This is part of what makes child pornography offenses difficult to study online (Samenow 2012). Child pornography is a big deal because vulnerable children need to be protected from exploitation by adults (Berlin Sawyer 2012). People that have an attraction to children or sexual fantasies including children are not new. What is new areShow MoreRelatedChild Of Rage : A Story Of Abuse924 Words   |  4 Pagesthe documentary, Child of Rage: A Story of Abuse, the sexual abuse Beth Thomas lived through caused her to, â€Å"never developed a sense of conscious, love, or trust for anyone† (Monet, 1990). 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